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Hibernate Inheritance: Table Per subClass Hierarchy

Hibernate » on Jun 21, 2011 { 27 Comments } By Sivateja

This is also just like previous example, but some changes are there, in table per class hierarchy all the data was saved in a single table but here,

x number of classes = x number of tables in the database

If we save the CreditCard class object, then first hibernate will saves the data related to super class object into the super class related table in the database and then CreditCard object data in CreditCard related table in the database, so first base class data will be saved

Required files_

  • Payment.java (Base class)
  • CreditCard.java (Derived class)
  • Cheque.java (Derived class)
  • ClientForSave.java (for our logic)
  • Payment.hbm.xml
  • hibernate.cfg.xml

All are same but mapping file is different than previous example..

Payment.java:

package str;

public class Payment{

	private int paymentId;
	private double amount;

	public int getPaymentId() {
		return paymentId;
	}
	public void setPaymentId(int paymentId) {
		this.paymentId = paymentId;
	}
	public double getAmount() {
		return amount;
	}
	public void setAmount(double amount) {
		this.amount = amount;
	}	 

}

CreditCard.java:

package str;

public class CreditCard extends Payment{

	private String CreditCardType;

	public String getCreditCardType() {
		return CreditCardType;
	}

	public void setCreditCardType(String creditCardType) {
		CreditCardType = creditCardType;
	}

}

Cheque.java:

package str;

public class Cheque extends Payment{

	private String ChequeType;

	public String getChequeType() {
		return ChequeType;
	}

	public void setChequeType(String chequeType) {
		ChequeType = chequeType;
	}

}

ClientForSave.java

package str;

import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
 
public class ClientForSave { 
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
 
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
        cfg.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml"); 
 
        SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
        Session session = factory.openSession();

        CreditCard c=new CreditCard();
 
        c.setPaymentId(10);
        c.setAmount(2500);
        c.setCreditCardType("Visa");

 
        
        Cheque c1=new Cheque();
        
        c1.setPaymentId(11);
        c1.setAmount(2600);
        c1.setChequeType("ICICI");

        
        
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(c);
        session.save(c1);
        System.out.println("Object saved successfully.....!!");
        tx.commit();
        session.close();
        factory.close();
    }
 
}

Payment.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

<class name="str.Payment" table="PAYMENT">

<id name="paymentId" column="pid" />
<property name="amount" column="amt" />

<joined-subclass name="str.CreditCard" table="CreditCard">
<key column="dummy1" />
<property name="CreditCardType" column="cctype" length="10" />
</joined-subclass>

<joined-subclass name="str.Cheque" table="Cheque">
<key column="dummy2" />
<property name="ChequeType" column="cqtype" length="10" />
</joined-subclass>

</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 

hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@www.java4s.com:1521:XE</property>
<property name="connection.username">system</property>
<property name="connection.password">admin</property>

<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

<mapping resource="Payment.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Eclipse output

In the database

Notes:

  • In the mapping file,  <key –> element is because,  once we save the derived class object, then hibernate will first save the baseclass object then derived class object right ..!, so at the time of saving the derived class object hibernate will copy the primary key value of the base class into the corresponding derived class, see in the above output 10 copied into dummy1 column of CreditCard table and 11 copied into Dummy2 column of the cheque table
  • that’s it friends, nothing to explain….   😉

 


download-hibernate-source-code

​ ​​

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  ::. About the Author .::

Java4s_Author
Sivateja Kandula - Java/J2EE Full Stack Developer
Founder of Java4s - Get It Yourself, A popular Java/J2EE Programming Blog, Love Java and UI frameworks.
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Comments

27 Responses to “Hibernate Inheritance: Table Per subClass Hierarchy”
  1. Karry Glenn says:
    December 23, 2011 at 10:53 PM

    Some really prize blog posts on this website , bookmarked .

    Reply
  2. java4s says:
    December 28, 2011 at 6:39 AM

    Thank you Glenn….!!!!

    Reply
  3. JOHN says:
    March 19, 2012 at 5:12 AM

    awesome website yar……… i recommended to every one go throw this …….. indepth explanations

    Reply
  4. Java4s says:
    March 20, 2012 at 2:07 AM

    @John Thank you

    Reply
  5. Anand says:
    December 11, 2012 at 6:45 PM

    I got an error
    Could not synchronize database state with session
    org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update

    Reply
  6. Jessy says:
    May 9, 2013 at 5:18 PM

    Thanks..its a great help for me 🙂

    Reply
  7. Mani says:
    May 11, 2013 at 10:01 PM

    This Concept of Table for sub class what the explination you have given when it is executed in Eclipse it is giving

    Exception in thread “main” org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update…

    Reply
  8. Mani says:
    May 11, 2013 at 10:14 PM

    To Anand,

    You are Error because you are using the database of previous example ie payment table contains only 2 columns not 4 as in the previous example so it may be a chance of constraint error to this particular example

    Reply
  9. kadir says:
    December 12, 2013 at 5:06 PM

    Good explanation. Thanks.

    I have a question here.

    As each class in java has base class as Object class,where this object is getting saved every time?

    Reply
  10. chennakesavulu says:
    December 30, 2013 at 9:55 AM

    really awesome… Nice explanation

    Lots of thanks

    Reply
  11. siddu says:
    May 20, 2014 at 1:42 AM

    wow!… what a beautiful explanation
    i god mad while reading your explanation.. we can easily understand for big concepts…so nice….
    if you have any updates, plz send into my mail: rajjmucharla@gmail.com

    thanks,

    Reply
  12. karthick says:
    September 1, 2014 at 7:50 AM

    the best tutorial site ever seen….awesome… 😀

    Reply
  13. venki says:
    September 23, 2014 at 8:51 AM

    Thanks for the clear cut explanation..

    You stated “so at the time of saving the derived class object hibernate will copy the primary key value of the base class into the corresponding derived class”

    Here Question is.. If we have the composite primary key than should we create two dummy columns in each sub classes or any approach. Please explain.

    Thanks.

    Reply
  14. Uday says:
    September 29, 2014 at 6:59 AM

    Good explanation. Thanks.

    I have a question here.

    As each class in java has base class as Object class,where this object is getting saved every time?

    Reply
  15. Muniraju M.K says:
    October 29, 2014 at 9:31 AM

    really really very very very good website blog….i insisted every one to refer this blog…….

    Reply
  16. venkat says:
    February 13, 2015 at 6:02 PM

    please give one exmple per load operation on table per class,table per subclass and table concert class

    Reply
  17. raghava says:
    June 16, 2015 at 8:49 PM

    hi siva,
    what if parent class is abstract?

    Reply
  18. ajay tiwari says:
    July 28, 2015 at 12:21 PM

    hell sir,
    I have a question here
    when we run the program again give the following exception

    Exception in thread “main” org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.prepareStatement(AbstractBatcher.java:114)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.prepareStatement(AbstractBatcher.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2250)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2678)
    at org.hibernate.action.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:79)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:279)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:263)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366)
    at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
    at str.ClientForSave.main(ClientForSave.java:33)
    Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C004176) violated

    at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwBatchUpdateException(DatabaseError.java:343)
    at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.executeBatch(OraclePreparedStatement.java:10657)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
    … 14 more

    Reply
  19. ashish bhatt says:
    October 3, 2015 at 8:07 AM

    This website gave me too much help. Day by day i’m learning myself, my confidence increasing automatically bcoze of you. i owe you thank you sir

    Thanks and regard
    Ashish

    Reply
  20. Amin says:
    November 15, 2015 at 5:52 AM

    Hi
    very Good. Thanks.

    Reply
  21. Abhishek says:
    March 3, 2016 at 7:06 PM

    i got issue ……

    Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`abhi/credit`, CONSTRAINT `FK78CA9719C05CE0B0` FOREIGN KEY (`dummy1`) REFERENCES `pmt` (`pid`))

    Reply
  22. Shilpi Agrawal says:
    April 20, 2016 at 11:25 AM

    Please help me,
    Running above example, I am getting following error:
    Object saved successfully…..!!
    Hibernate: insert into PAYMENT (amt, pid) values (?, ?)
    Exception in thread “main” org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:103)
    at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:91)
    at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:249)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.prepareStatement(AbstractBatcher.java:92)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.prepareStatement(AbstractBatcher.java:87)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2228)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2656)
    at org.hibernate.action.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:52)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:248)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:232)
    at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:139)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:298)
    at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:27)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1000)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:338)
    at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:106)
    at shilpi.ClientForSave.main(ClientForSave.java:33)
    Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Field ‘dcolumn’ doesn’t have a default value
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createBatchUpdateException(SQLError.java:1158)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:1773)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1257)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeBatch(StatementImpl.java:959)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:48)
    at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:242)
    … 14 more
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Field ‘dcolumn’ doesn’t have a default value
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:957)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3878)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3814)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2478)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2625)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2551)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1861)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2073)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:1751)
    … 18 more

    Reply
  23. Vilkas says:
    April 4, 2017 at 5:12 AM

    Nice explanation….

    Reply
  24. Bisnu says:
    April 17, 2017 at 8:37 AM

    Hi,

    I am getting the below error, please help as it is urgently required.

    Caused by: org.dom4j.DocumentException: Error on line 1 of document http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd : The markup declarations contained or pointed to by the document type declaration must be well-formed. Nested exception: The markup declarations contained or pointed to by the document type declaration must be well-formed.

    Reply
  25. Ramesh says:
    May 9, 2017 at 9:40 AM

    to achieve this, is it required to have the relation between the tables?

    Reply
  26. Praveen says:
    December 19, 2017 at 2:51 AM

    Hi Admin,

    I do have one question regarding the inheritance mapping in hibernate, So the question is that do we need to create table explicitly in the database before using it in hibernate means we cannot use CREATE property of hbm2ddl.auto. ?

    Why I am asking this because whenever I am trying to execute my program using SINGLE_TABLE inheritance type to test it and it is throwing an error everytime.

    Reply
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